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The male and female in the animals are a divine scheme to ensure their continuance and a means of services and sustenance for mankind while the same law of pairs extends to human beings, because human race can live in perpetuity through the operation of this basic law. In this connection, the Holy Quran says:
And God has made for you mates (and companions) of your own nature, and made for you, out of them, sons and daughters and grandchildren, and provided for you sustenance of the best: will they then believe in vain things, and be ungrateful for God's favors? (16:72)
The permanent flow and operation of this law and its vital bearing on human welfare bear testimony to the glory and wisdom of Allah, the Almighty. This theme is repeated in the following verses:
Glory to God, Who created in pairs all things that the earth produces, as well as their own (human) kind and (other) things of which they have no knowledge. (36:36)
And of every thing We have created pairs so that ye may receive instruction (51:49)
Wherein is every kind of fruit in pairs. Which is it, of the favors of your Lord that ye deny? (55:52-53)
So God has made pairs in all living creatures and non-living objects. We know that humans, animals, reptiles, birds, butterflies, worms, insects, bacteria, and even plants have been created in pairs. But so far whatever the scientists have explored is amazing. In the cells of most organisms that reproduce sexually, chromosomes occur in pairs: One chromosome is inherited from the female parent, and one is inherited from the male parent. The two chromosomes of each pair contain genes that correspond to the same inherited characteristics. Each pair of chromosomes is different from every other pair of chromosomes in the same cell. The number of chromosome pairs in an organism varies depending on the species. The human genome has about 3 billion DNA base pairs. The common colon bacterium, E. coli, has 4.2 million base pairs (in both the cell and the genome, since it usually has only one copy of the chromosome in a cell). A common plant used in research, Arabidopsis thaliana (the mouse-ear cress, a small weed related to the mustard plant), has about 117 million base pairs in its genome, and the fruit fly has about 120 million base pairs in its genome. Then there are harmonic pairs. The worm's genome was found to contain 97 million base pairs, which in turn make up nearly 20,000 genes (parts of DNA that determine the particular characteristic or group of characteristics that an organism inherits). The human genome, in contrast, is believed to contain 3 billion base pairs and 80,000 genes. The peripheral nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from the cerebrum.
The prevailing elementary particle theories group quarks and leptons separately into pairs, with equal numbers of pairs of each; that is, they posit the existence of three pairs of quarks and three pairs of leptons. An ion pair, for the physicist, is the positively charged particle (positive ion) and the negatively charged particle (negative ion) simultaneously produced by the addition of sufficient energy to a neutral atom or molecule to cause it to dissociate into oppositely charged fragments.
Normal hemoglobin molecules are made up of two pairs of protein chains, each individual chain consisting of some 150 amino acids, and four heme groups.
A sun god is often related to a moon goddess as one member of a divine pair. Binary star systems are quite common and the pairing of stars appears to be random in most cases. Astronomers estimate that approximately one-fourth of the visible stars belong to a binary system. The time it takes for one star to orbit the other can range from hours to centuries depending on the distance between the two stars and their masses. Some binary pairs, called interacting binary systems, are so close that they exchange material. Binary stars are very useful to astronomers because they are the only stars of which astronomers can directly determine mass.
In the end it may be mentioned that there are still may a theme, which have hot been touched in this article. As already pointed out by Dr. Maurice Bucaille for a person who is committed to further probe and research, the various statements in the Quran comparable with modern knowledge are by no means easy to find. In the first stage, all he could refer to were a few works in Arabic dealing with themes treated in the Quran that were of interest to men of science - there was, however, no overall study. As research of this kind requires scientific knowledge covering many different disciplines, it is not easy for Muslim scholars to acquire such knowledge, for they possess a mainly literary background. Therefore only a scientist, thoroughly acquainted with Arabic language and literature, can draw true comparisons between the Qur'anic text - for which he must be able to read Arabic - and the data supplied by modern knowledge. There is another reason why such statements are not immediately apparent: Verses bearing on a single theme are scattered throughout the Qur'an. The book is indeed a juxtaposition of reflections on a wide variety of subjects referred to one after the other and taken up again later on, often several times over. The data on a precise theme must therefore be collected from all over the Book. This is definitely an arduous work that can be rendered only after strenuously tracking down different verses and collecting them under various headings. in spite of the existence of thematic indexes provided by various translators, for such lists may perhaps be incomplete and indeed, in many cases, they often are.
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